中國民族音樂資料館 Chinese Music Archive

東倉鼓樂社,是僧派鼓樂嫡傳樂社之一。它保留著豐富的僧派鼓樂曲目和特有的演奏風格。東倉,是封建時代西安府的官倉(糧倉),本名敬祿倉。因與另一官倉永豐倉對面相向,故位於城東者為東倉,位於城西者為西倉。原東、西兩倉均有鼓樂活動,成員全系倉內工人。直至清末,官倉停辦,鼓樂活動也隨之停止。但倉工王天貴,在辛亥革命後,仍主持著市民業餘鼓樂活動,另兩個成員張奎、徐誠曾先後協助迎祥觀,韻曲傳藝,培育了鼓樂人才。東倉鼓樂社經王天貴的整頓,吸收了一批青年(市民),拜白道峪太陽廟鼓樂社名家毛和尚為師學習鼓樂,他們是:王天貴(笛子)、張奎(笛子)、徐誠(鼓)、陳三(鼓)、呂金銘(笛子)等。自此,東倉鼓樂即聲震城東,與城西的顯密寺、太陽廟鼓樂社成為僧派鼓樂的重要力量,並與城隍廟、西倉兩樂社形成鼎足之勢。

東倉鼓樂社鼎盛時期,除鼓樂演奏時,還有「念詞」和雲、魚、龍燈舞活動。由於龍燈能手張奎的操持,使東倉的龍燈舞在西安城裏幾乎無人不知,他們還把龍燈舞曲《哪吒令》套用在坐樂之中。

這個時期,王天貴已成為東倉鼓樂社的主要負責人與教師,教出了又一批鼓樂藝人,梁振源(笛子、鼓)、屈行森(笛子)、張廷璽(銅樂器)、張生才(笛子)、田金海、田德榮(笙)、何國棟(笛子)、樊永利、馮俊昌(笙)等。梁振源聰明好學,能鑽研古譜,會曲很多,被市民們譽為「東倉聖人」。後接任為會首。為了保存祖國文化遺產,梁振源與其徒、著名笛師趙庚辰,顯密寺著名鼓師程天相等人,熱情積極地向專業音樂工作者傳授鼓樂藝術,並於一九五九年將大量珍貴古譜無私地貢獻給國家。一九六○年,梁振源病危臨終之際,還和趙庚辰一起韻曲傳譜,他的精神,令人難忘。

一九五一年,原西北文化部為全國第一屆民間文藝會演選拔節目,西安鼓樂各流派樂社被邀參加。東倉鼓樂社即聯合顯密寺、南院門、香門園、皇甫村等樂社,由趙庚辰司笛,程天相司鼓,演奏了《尺調花鼓段坐樂》全套,套奏了優秀曲目《霸王鞭》、《宋江》、《青天歌》、《反天官》。其中,《霸王鞭》、《反天官》現在還不時在電台廣播,經久不衰。

一九五二年,原西北音協組織鼓樂採集組,對西安鼓樂進行了搶救與整理。東倉鼓樂社積極地參加了錄音、傳譜及演奏活動。一九五九年,經過選拔,東倉鼓樂社又以《滿庭芳》(原名《慶豐年》)參加了建國十周年慶典演出。一九六三年冬,東倉鼓樂社再次聯合同流派鼓樂社,集中到皇甫村,排練近兩月,排出了《六調望吾鄉坐樂》全套,《上調普天樂坐樂》全套和一些行樂曲目,並於一九六四年春進行了錄音。

Xian Dongcang Strains of Drumbeats Music This was originally a drum and percussion music group of monks. In old Xian, the food was stored in special warehouses. The one in the eastern area was called Dongcang and the one in the west was Saicang. There were drum music functions in both East and West warehouses and all members were basically the workers in the warehouse. These drum functions were terminated at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Wang Tian-gui, one of the members, continued to lead the Dongcang team to perform and soon became very popular in the place. Hence Dongcang was regarded as one of the most important 3 performing groups in Xian. Besides drumbeat music, the group also arranged many other artistic folk functions such as dance and vocal performances.

Wang had taught a lot of good students and the most famous was Liang Chun-yuan. Liang was praised to be the “Saint of Dongcang”.

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