中國民族音樂資料館 Chinese Music Archive

东仓鼓乐社,是僧派鼓乐嫡传乐社之一。它保留著丰富的僧派鼓乐曲目和特有的演奏风格。东仓,是封建时代西安府的官仓(粮仓),本名敬禄仓。因与另一官仓永丰仓对面相向,故位于城东者为东仓,位于城西者为西仓。原东、西两仓均有鼓乐活动,成员全系仓内工人。直至清末,官仓停办,鼓乐活动也随之停止。但仓工王天贵,在辛亥革命后,仍主持著市民业馀鼓乐活动,另两个成员张奎、徐诚曾先后协助迎祥观,韵曲传艺,培育了鼓乐人才。东仓鼓乐社经王天贵的整顿,吸收了一批青年(市民),拜白道峪太阳庙鼓乐社名家毛和尚为师学习鼓乐,他们是:王天贵(笛子)、张奎(笛子)、徐诚(鼓)、陈三(鼓)、吕金铭(笛子)等。自此,东仓鼓乐即声震城东,与城西的显密寺、太阳庙鼓乐社成为僧派鼓乐的重要力量,并与城隍庙、西仓两乐社形成鼎足之势。

东仓鼓乐社鼎盛时期,除鼓乐演奏时,还有“念词”和云、鱼、龙灯舞活动。由于龙灯能手张奎的操持,使东仓的龙灯舞在西安城里几乎无人不知,他们还把龙灯舞曲《哪吒令》套用在坐乐之中。

这个时期,王天贵已成为东仓鼓乐社的主要负责人与教师,教出了又一批鼓乐艺人,梁振源(笛子、鼓)、屈行森(笛子)、张廷玺(铜乐器)、张生才(笛子)、田金海、田德荣(笙)、何国栋(笛子)、樊永利、冯俊昌(笙)等。梁振源聪明好学,能鑽研古谱,会曲很多,被市民们誉为“东仓圣人”。后接任为会首。为了保存祖国文化遗产,梁振源与其徒、著名笛师赵庚辰,显密寺著名鼓师程天相等人,热情积极地向专业音乐工作者传授鼓乐艺术,并于一九五九年将大量珍贵古谱无私地贡献给国家。一九六○年,梁振源病危临终之际,还和赵庚辰一起韵曲传谱,他的精神,令人难忘。

一九五一年,原西北文化部为全国第一届民间文艺会演选拔节目,西安鼓乐各流派乐社被邀参加。东仓鼓乐社即联合显密寺、南院门、香门园、皇甫村等乐社,由赵庚辰司笛,程天相司鼓,演奏了《尺调花鼓段坐乐》全套,套奏了优秀曲目《霸王鞭》、《宋江》、《青天歌》、《反天官》。其中,《霸王鞭》、《反天官》现在还不时在电台广播,经久不衰。

一九五二年,原西北音协组织鼓乐採集组,对西安鼓乐进行了抢救与整理。东仓鼓乐社积极地参加了录音、传谱及演奏活动。一九五九年,经过选拔,东仓鼓乐社又以《满庭芳》(原名《庆丰年》)参加了建国十周年庆典演出。一九六三年冬,东仓鼓乐社再次联合同流派鼓乐社,集中到皇甫村,排练近两月,排出了《六调望吾乡坐乐》全套,《上调普天乐坐乐》全套和一些行乐曲目,并于一九六四年春进行了录音。

Xian Dongcang Strains of Drumbeats Music This was originally a drum and percussion music group of monks. In old Xian, the food was stored in special warehouses. The one in the eastern area was called Dongcang and the one in the west was Saicang. There were drum music functions in both East and West warehouses and all members were basically the workers in the warehouse. These drum functions were terminated at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Wang Tian-gui, one of the members, continued to lead the Dongcang team to perform and soon became very popular in the place. Hence Dongcang was regarded as one of the most important 3 performing groups in Xian. Besides drumbeat music, the group also arranged many other artistic folk functions such as dance and vocal performances.

Wang had taught a lot of good students and the most famous was Liang Chun-yuan. Liang was praised to be the “Saint of Dongcang”.

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